- 专家表示，冠状病毒大流行正导致一种孤独流行病，其本身会对健康产生严重影响。
- 但要在自己或他人身上识别出孤独并不容易，因为孤独与独处不同，还会带来羞耻感。
- 孤独的生理症状包括感冒和流感症状以及失眠。
- 访问Insider主页获取更多资讯。
人类不仅喜欢社交，我们也需要社交。 事实上，根据2015年一项包含30.8万人的综合分析，在一定时间内，社交关系较弱的人比社交关系较强的人死亡可能性高出50%。 换句话说，孤独可能跟每天抽15支烟一样致命。 考虑到许多心理健康专家称冠状病毒大流行加剧了美国的孤独感，并可被称为一种流行病，这种情况尤其令人不安。 但是识别自己与他人的孤独并不容易:与独处不同，孤独可能会带来羞耻感。 “人们害怕承认孤独，因为孤独会带来耻辱——他们怕被评判或被疏远，”纽约市的治疗师巴比塔·斯皮内利告诉Insider网站。“这反过来让他们无法克服孤独，遏制自己向别人或社会资源寻求帮助。” - Experts say the coronavirus pandemic is leading to a loneliness epidemic with serious health consequences of its own.
- But it's not always easy to identify loneliness in yourself or others, since it's not the same as being alone and can come with a stigma.
- Physical signs of loneliness can include cold and flu symptoms, and difficulty sleeping.
- Visit Insider's homepage for more stories.
Humans don't just like to be social, we need to be. In fact, people who have weaker social relationships are 50% more likely to die over a given period than those with more robust connections, according to a 2015 meta-analysis including more than 308,000 people. Put another way, being lonely seems to be as deadly as smoking 15 cigarettes a day. That's particularly upsetting given that many mental health professionals say the coronavirus pandemic is exacerbating loneliness in the US and could be called an epidemic of its own. But identifying loneliness in yourself and others isn't always easy: It's not the same as being alone, and can come with shame. "People are afraid to admit being lonely because of the stigma it carries — they fear being judged or alienated," Babita Spinelli, a New York City-based therapist, told Insider. "This in turn keeps them from overcoming the loneliness or turning to people or resources for help." Here are seven physical signs that you or a loved one is lonely. Read the original article on Insider 流鼻涕、鼻塞和其他感冒症状如果你感冒了，孤独可能是部分原因。 从事研究情绪如何对压力以及生理功能产生影响，亚利桑那大学传播学教授Kory Floydc此前对insider表示：“当我们感到孤独以及缺乏用一种熟稔和舒服的方式与人交流时，我们会感到无助并觉得自己在遭受威胁和攻击。“ 结果就是我们变得“高度警惕”，除了其他问题外，它还抑制了我们的免疫系统，使我们容易生病，他说。 If you've caught a cold, loneliness may be at least partially to blame. "When we feel alone, when we lack the ability to interact with people in familiar and comforting ways, we feel vulnerable, and we feel under threat and under attack," Kory Floyd, a communications professor at the University of Arizona who studies how affection impacts stress and physiological functioning, previously told Insider. As a result, we become "hyper-vigilant," which among other problems, suppresses our immune system and can make us susceptible to illness, he said. 一场你无法摆脱的疾病身心健康可以从感冒中恢复，然而，被孤独击垮的人可能会一次又一次地生病，Spinelli说道。 她说：“一个人可能会感到不舒服，或者不断地感到压力，却不会将其与孤独联系起来。”“他们可能会将其定义为单纯的周期性生理疾病，而没有考虑是否是情绪上出了问题。” A healthy body and mind can recover from a cold. One that's been beaten down by loneliness, however, may get sick again and again, Spinelli said. "An individual may experience feeling sick or constantly stressed and not connecting it with loneliness," she said. "They may define it purely as a recurring physical illness without looking at whether there is something taking place emotionally." 失眠孤独会与抑郁同时出现，并共有抑郁症状，包括入睡困难或睡得太多。 Loneliness can coincide with, and share symptoms of, depression, including difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much. 头痛同样，头痛也可能是抑郁和孤独的症状。 根据Healthline的研究，两者之间最大的区别是前者是一种心理健康状况，而后者是一种“短暂的情绪状态”。 Similarly, headaches can be symptoms of both depression and loneliness. The biggest difference between the two is that the former is a mental health condition while the latter is "a transient emotional state," according to Healthline. 持续的“失落状态”被剥夺有意义的社交联系并不会让人感觉良好，因为你的身体正试图告诉你自己要融入其中，如此，长远看来，你才能活下去。 “如果我们把孤独这种适应性反馈看成类似于饥饿和口渴,那么正是这种令人不快的状态,促使我们寻找社会关系。就像饥饿促使我们寻找食物一样,“Brigham Young 大学心理学和神经学教授Julianne Holt-Lunstad 此前在Business Insider 采访中说道，这是她在2015年进行汇总分析得出的。 Being deprived of meaningful social connections doesn't feel good because your body is trying to tell you to mingle so that, long-term, you stay alive. "If we think about loneliness as this adaptive response kind of like hunger and thirst, it's this unpleasant state that motivates us to seek out social connections just like hunger motivates us to seek out food," Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Brigham Young University who conducted the 2015 meta-analysis, previously told Business Insider. 不断刷社交媒体Spinelli说，虽然不是生理症状，但某些行为，包括不断查看社交媒体，并将其作为社交联系的替代品，也是孤独的危险信号。” Though not a bodily symptom, per se, certain behaviors including constantly checking social media "and using it as a replacement for connection is also a red flag of loneliness," Spinelli said. 要利用数字工具对抗孤独在流行病期间限制面对面社会交往的情况下，像FaceTime和Skype这样的工具“可能有助于缓解一些短期不良反应，以帮助我们仍然觉得在保持这些联系”，Holt-Lunstad告诉Insider。 主动联系他人并询问其近况可以同时促进你们双方的心理健康，研究表明这可以减轻压力，因为至少他们会感受到关怀。 “当人们仍然以各种方式表达爱和支持时，这个相对封闭的时期会变得更容易忍受，”Holt-Lunstad说道。 Tools like FaceTime and Skype "may help relieve some of those short-term unpleasant responses to help us still feel and maintain those connections" in situations like a pandemic that limit in-person social interaction, Holt-Lunstad told Insider. Reaching out to others and asking how they're doing boosts your mental health as well as theirs, since they'll at least experience the perception of support, which research shows can reduce stress. "When you're having people still express love and support in a variety of ways, it can make those periods of relative confinement more bearable," Holt-Lunstad said. - Read more:
- What months of lockdown does to your body and brain
- 12 ways to cope with coronavirus anxiety, according to psychologists
- Yes, stress can cause a fever — here's how to tell if you have a psychogenic fever
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